What You Need to Know Before Traveling to Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is one of the most enigmatic countries in the world — a place of golden domes, desert silence, ancient Silk Road cities, and surreal sights like the flaming Darvaza gas crater. It’s a country that surprises, intrigues, and leaves a lasting impression.

Traveling here is a rare privilege — and while it comes with more rules than most destinations, it rewards those who venture in with experiences they won’t find anywhere else. Here’s everything you need to know before visiting Turkmenistan.

Arriving in Turkmenistan: Entry, Visas & First Impressions

Turkmenistan has one of the strictest visa policies in Central Asia. Almost all travelers — including those from the EU, UK, USA, Canada, and Australia — need a pre-arranged tourist visa and must be part of an organized tour with a licensed operator. Independent travel is not permitted for tourists.

To apply, your tour provider will supply a Letter of Invitation (LOI), which you’ll need to get your visa either at an embassy or on arrival at Ashgabat International Airport. The process is fairly smooth if you’re working with an experienced agency.

Most visitors arrive in Ashgabat, a city like no other — full of white marble buildings, elaborate monuments, and almost otherworldly quiet streets.

Language, Currency & Communication

The official language is Turkmen, though Russian is also spoken, especially among older generations. English is rare, so it helps to learn a few basic phrases or have a translation app ready. Saying salam (hello) and sag boluň (thank you) is a respectful gesture.

The currency is the Turkmenistani Manat (TMT). Credit cards are not widely accepted, and ATMs can be unreliable — cash is essential. Bring clean, new USD bills (no marks or tears) to exchange at official points.

Local SIM cards are not typically available to tourists, and internet access is extremely limited. Even in hotels, Wi-Fi is slow and heavily restricted — including blocked social media and messaging platforms.

Getting Around the Country

Since travel is only allowed with a guide and driver (except for Ashgabat for some travelers with special permits), your transport will be arranged as part of your tour. Roads are well maintained, and journeys between cities — like to Mary, Merv, or Darvaza — are often long but scenic.

In Ashgabat, movement is more flexible, and taxis are available. However, it’s still wise to consult your guide before exploring on your own, as many areas are off-limits or require additional permits.

Health, Safety & Emergency Info

Turkmenistan is very safe, with low crime rates and clean, orderly streets. However, local laws and customs are strict. Avoid taking photos of government buildings, military areas, or locals without permission. Your guide will advise what’s okay and what’s not.

Tap water is not safe to drink — use bottled water. Medical facilities are basic, so bring any personal medications you need. No special vaccinations are required, but travel insurance is strongly recommended. In emergencies, dial 03 for medical help and 02 for police.

Food, Culture & Local Etiquette

Turkmen cuisine is flavorful and similar to other Central Asian countries. Expect dishes like plov, shashlik (meat skewers), chorba (hearty soup), and fresh naan-style bread. Meals are often enjoyed in private homes or small local eateries rather than large restaurants.

Hospitality is central to Turkmen culture. If invited into someone’s home, it’s polite to accept. Dress modestly, especially in rural areas and religious sites. Respect for elders and traditions is deeply valued, and your guide will help you navigate cultural etiquette with ease.

When to Visit Turkmenistan

The best times to visit Turkmenistan are spring (April–June) and autumn (September–October). These seasons bring mild temperatures and clear skies — perfect for exploring desert sites, ancient ruins, and the dramatic landscapes of the Karakum Desert.

Summer (July–August) is extremely hot and dry, while winter (December–February) is chilly, especially in the desert at night. The country’s dry climate means minimal rainfall year-round.

Climate, Packing & Electricity

Turkmenistan has an arid desert climate. Days are hot, nights can be cool — especially in spring and fall. Light, breathable clothing is best, along with a sunhat, sunglasses, and a scarf to protect from sand and wind. Bring layers for cooler evenings and good walking shoes.

The country uses European plug types C and F, with 220V/50Hz. Bring a universal adapter and portable power bank, as charging opportunities may be limited on the road.

Budget & Travel Costs

Because independent travel isn’t allowed, travel costs are tied to your tour package, which typically includes accommodation, transport, a driver, guide, and most meals. Expect to spend $100–200 USD per day depending on the level of service and group size.

That said, once you're in the country, there are very few additional expenses — tipping your guide and buying souvenirs are often the only extras.

Ready to Travel?

Turkmenistan is a country of contradictions — remote yet grand, quiet yet unforgettable. From the glowing crater of Darvaza to the ancient ruins of Merv and the surreal skyline of Ashgabat, this is a place that truly feels off the map.

If you're ready to explore one of the world’s most unique destinations, we’re here to guide you every step of the way.
‍Book your tour with us, and experience Turkmenistan in a way few travelers ever do.